Before the mid-1800s, law enforcement officers with extraordinary visual memories, so-called "camera eyes," identified previously arrested offenders by sight alone. Ancient Romans employed the tattoo needle to identify and prevent desertion of mercenary soldiers. The thief was deprived of the hand which committed the thievery. In earlier civilizations, branding or maiming (cutting off hands or noses) were used to mark persons as criminals. Barring injuries or surgery causing deep scarring, or diseases such as leprosy damaging the formative layers of friction ridge skin, finger and palm print features have never been shown to move about or change their unit relationship throughout the life of a person (and injuries, scarring and diseases tend to exhibit telltale indicators of unnatural change). Other visible human characteristics, such as facial features, change considerably with age but fingerprints are relatively persistent. Thus, while both fingerprints and DNA are typically harvested from serious crimes such as sexual assault and murder, fingerprints are often the primary evidence collected and rapidly processed from lesser crimes such as burglaries and vehicle break-ins. For example, DNA is as common as fingerprints at many crime scenes, but can cost 100 to 400 times more than fingerprint analysis for each specimen, and often requires additional months before analysis is complete. Cost is an important factor because governments must balance forensic and investigative resources to best satisfy timeliness and thoroughness, without sacrificing accuracy.
Continues to expand as the primary method for accurately identifying persons in government record systems, with many thousands of persons added daily to fingerprint repositories worldwide.For over four decades, the IAI's certification program has been issuing certification to those meeting stringent criteria and revoking certification for errors (quality assurance problems) such as erroneous identifications. The fingerprint discipline has never claimed forensic fingerprint experts (latent print examiners) are infallible.
#Who was behind dusty fingers collection professional
Established the first professional certification program for forensic scientists, the IAI's Certified Latent Print Examiner (CLPE) program in 1977.Established the first forensic professional organization, the International Association for Identification (IAI), in 1915.Fingerprints are the foundation for criminal history confirmation at police agencies worldwide. No two fingerprints have ever been found alike in many billions of human and automated computer comparisons.
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